PDF 10 - Psychology Social comparison—the tendency to self-evaluate by comparing ourselves to others—is an important source of competitive behavior. Amazon.com: Social Comparison and Social Psychology ... Relative Deprivation and Social Comparison | The Ontario ... 64 (5): 708-722. Social comparison happens subliminally, and automatically Festinger argued that humans have a drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities. Social comparison orientation is defined as "the inclination to compare one's accomplishments, one's situation, and one's experiences with those of others" (Buunk and Gibbons 2006, p. 16).Social comparison is a process through which people evaluate themselves and increase self-understanding by comparing themselves with others . Apa yang dimaksud dengan social comparison? Erin A. Vogel, Jason P. Rose, Lindsay R. Roberts, and Katheryn Eckles. From: Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 2012. 2.1 - Self, Culture and Social Comparisons. Compared to him, I'm doing okay. Consequently, social comparison theory is increasingly becoming recognized as a fruitful framework for illuminating health related issues. Tidak sedikit orang yang melakukan perbandingan sosial setiap harinya. Alicia Nortje, Ph.D. 4. Our tendency to appraise events, objects, people, and social groups by making comparisons has captured the interest of social psychologists for over half a century. III. 3 - Attribution/Social Beliefs and Judgements. Leon Festinger contributed some of the most important theories to social psychology. * Social comparison, a pervasive aspect of daily life, consists in comparing oneself to others in order to evaluate or enhance some aspect of the self. Social comparison choices in the classroom: further evidence for students' upward comparison tendency and its beneficial impact on performance. The following are illustrative examples. Downward Social Comparison. Engaging in either of these two comparisons on a performance dimension can affect our self-evaluation. This is a common and innate process that spans cultures. . To measure upward and downward comparisons on social media, we used the Scale for Social Comparison Orientation, and for self-esteem we utilized the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Social psychology shares similarities with personality psychology.They both study behavior at the social and individual levels, but they approach their studies from opposite perspectives. a. is more likely to study the social causes of behavior. Wills, T.A. Over 100 journal articles on social comparison have appeared since 1982, which is almost three times the number published in the theory's first 12 years (Radloff& Bard, 1966). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17, 1-18. In 1966, twelve years after Festinger outlined social comparison theory, Bibb Latane edited a special supplement to the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology entitled "Studies in Social Comparison." It was responsible for helping to retrieve social comparison from relative neglect. 2.2 - Social Comparisons. It refers to a fundamental process where we relate ourselves to others. Festinger's social comparison theory proposed that people who compare themselves with those who are similar to them typically produce accurate appraisals of their capabilities and beliefs. Social comparison merupakan suatu proses dimana seseorang membandingkan kemampuan, pendapat atau sifatnya dengan orang lain (Buunk & Vugt, 2013). Occurring frequently in our lives, social comparison shapes our perceptions, memory, and behavior—even regarding the most trivial of issues. A trusted reference in the field of psychology, offering more than 25,000 clear and authoritative entries. When psychologists think of social comparison theory, they initially recall Leon Festinger's classic paper on a theory of social comparison processes. Social comparison can be useful because it provides us . It also seems that this is especially true in situations of uncertainty, in . We propose a new model that distinguishes between individual and situational factors that increase social comparison and thus lead to a range of competitive attitudes and behavior. The authors found that people generally tend to choose an upward (rather than downward) comparison target and, surprisingly, that threat leads to increased . This study focused on the effect of employee's social comparison orientation on job performance, and investigated 255 employees from enterprises and institutions in Hebei, Guangdong and some other provinces. A new study published in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology found that comparing our lives to the "fabulous" ones we see on social media may be what causes the depressive symptoms associated with Facebook browsing. Henri Tajfel's greatest contribution to psychology was social identity theory. Implications for the concept, measurement, and theory of social comparison are discussed. The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. It's a boost to our ego and our mood. Since its introduction to communications and social psychology, research has shown that social comparisons are more complex than initially thought, and that people play a more active role in comparisons (Suls, Martin & Wheeler 2002). Nonetheless, in presenting his theory, Festinger (1954) described the process of social comparison without taking into account the temporal dimension. Downward social comparisons involve comparisons with a target that is considered inferior on the dimension of interest and provided evidence that an individual is better than others. Social comparison bias can occur in people's everyday life. Festinger's social comparison theory proposed that people who compare themselves with those who are similar to them typically produce accurate appraisals of their capabilities and beliefs. Business Horizons 53: 59-68. University of Toledo. (2010). Cultures can be distinguished by their degree of tightness-looseness, which is defined as the strength of social norms and the degree to which behavior is regulated and sanctioned (39 ⇓ -41).In tight societies, norms are clear and harsh punishments are enforced for those who deviate from them, and as a result, knowing and following norms are . Early research in social psychology on level of aspiration and on reference groups contributed to Leon Festinger's social comparison theory, which he proposed in 1954. Social comparison theory is the idea that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others. The theory was developed in 1954 by psychologist Leon . Based on previous studies, it may be established that social comparison is closely related to social adaptation. First, there have been many restatements and amendments to the . It has been associated, for example, with self-enhancement strategies (Wills, 1981), affect (Wheeler & Miyake, 1992; Buunk, Collins, Taylor, VanYperen & Dakof, 1990), opinion formulation (Suls, Martin & Wheeler 2002) and belief about personal . The first systematic theory of social comparison was proposed by Leon Festinger, who was interested in the effects of social comparisons on self-appraisals of abilities and opinions. (2001). Social comparison is thus a critical psychological phenomenon essential to understanding both social behavior and formation of identity. Festingers Social Comparison Theory Psychology Essay. Social comparison is a normal behavior strategy where we seek to better understand our status relating to ability, opinion, emotional reaction, and more, by comparing ourselves to other people. For example, a pianist who compares their . For example, comparing the writing ability of two people in the same age group is more sensible than comparing the writing ability of an adult to a child. A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Social comparison theory has been applied to many theoretical concepts within psychology since 1954. Whether it is on social networking sites, in the media, in society regarding wealth and social status or in the school system. Psychology vs Social Psychology Psychology and Social Psychology are two fields between which certain differences can be observed. The social comparison theory concerns individuals comparing views with others, while the informational influence theory focuses on an individual trying to persuade another.
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